High power components rarely fail because the schematic is wrong. More often, they fail because the heat has nowhere to go. Power MOSFETs, LED drivers, DC-DC converters, motor driver ICs, GaN devices, voltage regulators, and high-current QFN packages can all generate concentrated heat in a very small area. If that Read more
How to Fix Solder Balling Issues in Selective Soldering: Practical Troubleshooting from the Process Side Anyone who has worked with selective soldering for a while has probably seen this problem: small solder balls showing up around the solder joints. Sometimes there are only a few tiny dots, visible mainly under Read more
If you have been in the PCB industry for more than a few years, you already know the pain. The design calls for a board that is 3.2 mm thick, but the smallest via you can get away with is 0.2 mm. Do the math, and you are staring at Read more
If you’re new to hardware, these two terms probably sound like the same thing. They’re not. Getting them confused is one of the most common mistakes people make when ordering their first circuit boards — and it can cost you time, money, and a few frustrating email threads with your Read more
A practical guide for engineers, buyers, and anyone who needs to know which PCB testing method actually fits their situation. Why PCB Testing Deserves More Attention Than It Gets Most people obsess over PCB design and component sourcing, then treat testing as an afterthought. That’s a mistake that shows up Read more
In hardware development, this is a nightmare almost every engineer has experienced: a circuit board performs flawlessly in the lab. However, when you confidently send it to the certification lab for FCC Part 15 testing, you are told that it exceeds the limit by 12dB at 200MHz. The project is delayed for two Read more
Electronics keep shrinking. The phone in your pocket packs more processing power than a data center from 20 years ago, and it does it on a board smaller than a credit card. The medical devices slipping inside patients during minimally invasive surgery are running sophisticated sensor arrays on boards you’d Read more
Introduction FR4 glass-reinforced epoxy laminate is, by a wide margin, the most popular base material in PCB manufacturing. It’s made by impregnating glass fiber cloth (types like 7628, 2116, or 1080) with epoxy resin and curing it under heat and pressure. The result is a material with solid insulation, decent Read more
You’ve probably read a dozen articles that start with “PCB potting is the process of encapsulating electronic assemblies in a protective compound.” That sentence is accurate. It’s also completely useless for deciding whether you should actually do it. Let’s skip the definition and go straight to the questions that actually Read more
Avoid the mistakes that cause loose wires, lifted pads, and hours of frustration. Soldering a wire to a PCB sounds simple. Heat the pad, melt some solder, stick the wire on, done. Except it’s never that clean, is it? Most beginners end up with a blobby gray mess that falls Read more
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